ā̆p-2

    ā̆p-2

    English meaning: water, river

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “Wasser, Fluß”

    Note: It seems that from Root akʷü- (more properly ǝkʷü ): ēkʷ- : “water, river” [through the shift gʷ > b, kʷ > p attested in Greek, Illyrian and Celtic languages] derived Root ab- : (water, river) and Root ü̆p-2 : “water, river”.

    Material: O.Ind. ü̆p- f. “water”, e.g. pl. Norn. ǘpaḥ, acc. apáḥ, gen. apǘ m, Av. nom. sg. üfš, acc. sg. üpǝm, instr. sg. apü(-ca), O.Ind. ǘpavant- “watery”, in older contraction with reduplication-stem in -i, -u auslaut prefixes (Kretschmer KZ. 31, 385, Johansson IF. 4, 137 f.) pratīpá - “ directed against the stream “, nīpá - “ low lying, deep-recumbent “, anūpá - “ situated, lying in water “, dvīpá - “ island, sand bank in the river “, antarīpa- “island”; the same contraction with in -o ending 1. part in Gk. river names ᾽᾽῝᾽Iνωπός, ᾽Ασωπός ( : ἰνόω, ἄσις; Fick BB. 22, 61, 62); Gk. “Ᾱπία “Peloponnes”, Μεσσ-απία ds., lokr. Μεσσ-άπιοι, Illyr. Μεσσά̄πιοι (different Krahe ZONF. 13, 20 f.) common Gk.-Illyr. -ks- > -ss- phonetic mutation and u̇puli of Lower Italy, river names ᾽Απιδών (Arcadia), ᾽Απιδανός (Thessaly), Thrac. ῎Απος (Dacia), Illyr. ῎Αψος, Apsus, Apul. PN Sal-apia (‘saltwater “); here as vestiges Ven.-Illyr. immigration part of the West German apa- names, as Erft (*Arnapia), and all FlN with -up-, as Ger. Uppia-Bach (Tirol), Fr. Sinope (Manche), Brit. harbour Rutupiae, Sicil. Κακύπαρις (compare Lith. Kakupis), compare the Thrac. FlN ῝Τπιος, ῝Τπανις; O.Pruss. ape “river”, apus ‘spring, fountain, stream, brook”, Lith. ùpė, Ltv. upe “water” (u is perhaps reduplication-stem from IE o, a, Trautmann Bal.-Slav. Wb. 11; or belongs uprather to O.C.S. vapa ‘sea”?). Here Ach- (*aps-) in Welsh FlN, Gaul. Axona? Besides Celt.-Lat. ab-, see below ab-. Johansson IF. 4. 137 f. goes to explanation the b-form from through ᾽Απιδών, ᾽Απιδανός as well as by O.Ind. ábda-ḥ m. “cloud” and with üpaḥ paradigmatic welded together instr. dat. pl. O.Ind. adbhiḥ, adbhyaḥ, presumed stem *ap(ǝ)d- (perhaps “ giving water “, with dō- “ give “ belonging to the 2nd part) from: *abdō(n), gen. *abdnés, from which *abnés; from obl. case arose from Lat. amnis, was compensated during in Celtic *abdō(n) : *abnés to *abü (M.Ir. ab), *abonü (hence M.Ir. abann).

    References: WP. I 46 f., WH. I 40, 846, Krahe Gl. 20, 188 ff., Pokorny Urillyrier 110 ff., 130 f., Krahe Wũrzburg. Jahrb. 1, 86 ff.